Chemical modification of biomolecules using transition metal complexes is a popular strategy for regioselective introduction of synthetic molecules into biomolecules. Olefin metathesis reaction (carbon-carbon rearrangement reaction) catalyzed by Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd generation (HG-II)-type complexes is a potential candidate to achieve regioselective chemical modification of biomolecules. However, the hydrophobicity and reactivity reduction of the complexes in water often cause a difficulty in the chemical modification of biomolecules. We should address whether the ruthenium-olefin interaction, a key chemical event in HG-II-catalyzed olefin metathesis, works effectively in biochemical media.
Recently, we reported ligand exchange reactions in nonpolar solvents between 2-alkoxybenzylide compounds and HG-II.[1] Accordingly, we have synthesized HG-II-type with hydrophilic groups and investigated whether the ligand exchange also occurs in protic solvents, using an olefin-labelled tripeptide.
When HG-II was applied to Lys-Cys-Phe-OMe with an olefin moiety at the side chain of Cys residue in methanol, the NHC-coordinated ruthenium moiety was transferred onto the olefin moiety in the tripeptide with 80% yield. An HG-II-type complex with a cationic moiety accelerated the ruthenium complex transfer reaction. Furthermore, the complex transfer reaction was found to occur in aqueous media with 50-70% yields.[2] This result indicates that the ruthenium-olefin interaction also occurs in aqueous media. The ruthenium complex transfer was found to occur at olefin-modified cysteine residues on proteins. In fact, the ruthenium complex can be immobilized onto the protein through the ruthenium-olefin interactions. We also attempted interpeptide cross metathesis reactions catalyzed by the cationic HG-II-type complex and confirmed the reaction course. In these reactions, addition of chloride salt is essential for smooth reactions. [3]
In conclusion, ruthenium-olefin interaction (one of the organometallic interactions) can work in aqueous media. Olefin metathesis can be used a method of biomolecule modification.[2,4]